IDAuthorArticleLinkSourceDatePage
2 JRA What classes of production boat have been successfully fitted with junk rigs?
Types and designs of junk rig boats
link
6 Arne Kverneland Preface - ch1 of The Cambered Panel Junk Rig
introduction to the cambered panel junk rig
link
10 Arne Kverneland Making the Sail - ch5 of The Cambered Panel Junk Rig
Lofting cutting making a cambered panel junk rig sail
link
25 Slieve McGalliard Some thoughts on Junk Rig Performance
Notes analysing aerodynamic issues for Junk Rig coming to conclusions favouring split rig
link
26 David Harding The split junk rig: a junk with jiblets
Article from Practical Boat Owner about Slieve McGalliard's experiment with split junk Rig on his boat Poppy
link
27 Paul McKay The Aerojunk
Introduces the Aerojunk sail that looks like a bermudan rig but works like a junk sail
link
30 JRA Why Consider the Junk Rig and Similar Fully Battened Lug Sails
Introductory note on the pros and cons of Junk Rigs
link
32 Arne Kverneland Junk Rig for Beginners
Explanation of the basics of the junk rig
link
39 Arne Kverneland "The Cambered Panel Junk Rig (""The book"") - Chapter 1 - Preface"
"The Cambered Panel Junk Rig (""The book""), a DIY guide to rigging a boat with cambered panel sails."
link
89 JRA JRA-Why consider the junk rig and similar
Junk Knowledge Archive
link
1137 Graeme Kenyon The Junk Taiwan Cheng Kung (Koxinga)
replica 17th century junk
link Magazine Issue 86 June 2021 Page: 47
1144 Graeme Kenyon The Story of the Junk Cocachin
History of the Junk Cocachin and owners Wayne and Theresa Moran
link Page: 7
1149 Kevin Cardiff A Nearly Forgotten History - the California junk
Chinese migrants to California and the junks they used and built
link Page: 9
1209 Jonathan Snodgrass Junkets at the Brixham Heritage Regatta – an overview from 2019 to 2022
The Brixham regatta format, organisation and the associated junkets
link Page: 49
1240 Sally Peake, Eric Andlauer Thoughts from the Roscoff Junket
A report on the AGM junket
link Page: 54
1244 JRA Introduction to the Junk Rig, Part 1
Youtube video - introduces the development of the Junk rig sailing system, imported from East Asia for use on pleasure boats around the world. It is part one of a three part series, and features vide
link
1245 JRA Introduction to the Junk Rig - part 2
Youtube video - discusses the characteristics of the Junk Rig, its sheeting, mast, reefing, rigging etc Sailing; rigging: wing sails; cambered sails; yards; battens; Chinese lugsail
link
1246 JRA Junk Rig Association YouTube channel
YouTube channel devoted to junk rig including introduction, historical and entertainment videos
link
1247 Mike and Debbie Lyons Explaining the Junk Rig - a 39’ ketch
Lyon’s family discuss the sailing characteristics of Terrapin, their home built junk rig - YouTube video
link
1248 JRA Introduction to the Junk Rig Part 3 - Know the Ropes
YouTube video explaining the ropes making up the rigging on a junk rig boat
link
1249 JRA Introduction to the Junk Rig Part 4 - Sailing a Junk Rig Boat
YouTube video explaining how a junk rig sails, describing windward sailing, reaching, running, tacking and gybing
link
1251 Graham Cox Jester, Blondie Hasler and Mike Richie - a junk rig boat and its sailors
The history of jester a junk rigged folkboat , its sailors and transatlantic journeys
link
1252 JRA Traditional Sailing Junks of … California
In the 19th century many sailing junks were to be found serving the fishing industry of San Francisco Bay, Monterrey and Southern California
link
1253 JRA Sailing Junk Rigs in New England - Shemaya Laurel
Interview with a sailor of three junk rigs including a Benford design Chebacco, Auklet, and a Dave and Anke Zeiger design triloboat Great Auk
link
1256 JRA Junk Rig at Howth
YouTube video of a Newbridge Venturer 22’ cambered panel junk rig sailing between Malahide and Howth in Ireland
link
1259 JRA Junks that sailed the Pacific - interview with Hans Van Tilburg
YouTube video interview with author who profiled 10 junks that sailed from the Far East to the USA
link
1261 Jonathan DeLaleu @jondelaleu Junk Rigs Come to Roscoff
Four Junk Rig boats and various sailors came to Roscoff for the JRA AGM and to sail together in a junket - YouTube video account
link
1262 JRA More from the Roscoff Junket
A second YouTube video of the four boats that sailed in the 2022 Roscoff junket
link
1265 Newbridge Boats newbridge coromandel junk rig version brochure
an original or early brochure for the coromandel junk rigged version
link
1266 Paul McKay AeroJunk Folio
A detailed description of the AeroJunk rig and its implementation, including information on sail making and batten making
link
1267 John Muir One Old Junk is Everyone’s Treasure - the Excavation, Amalysis and Interpretation of a Chinese Shrimp Junk at China Camp State Park
A thesis on the archaeology of a junk in California, with detail of traditional Chinese ship building techniques and historical context for the junk.
link
1268 US Navy Junk Blue Book
US Navy catalogue and description of Vietnamese junk vessels, 1960s
link
1270 JRA Junk Rigged Boat in the River Liffey
YouTube video - A Junk rigged boat participates in the annual Three Bridges cruise in the river Liffey, Dublin, Ireland
link
1273 JRA The Semaine du Golfe du Morbihan Junket
Notice of a junket to take place in context of a major French sailing festival in Brittany
link Page: 3
1287 JRA, @sailingpivo, Peter de Graaf New Zealand Junk Rig boats
YouTube video: Junk Rig boats at Russell Tall Ships race including Arcadian, Zebedee, Shoestring, Hihi, FanShi
link
1289 Shemaya Laurel; Debbie Lyons Two Fall Junkets
Invitation to two forthcoming junkets in New England and Chesapeake
link Page: 3
1301 Kevin Cardiff Morbihan, What a Junket
Description of the Semaine du Golfe du Morbihan festival and the junket that took place there
link Page: 38
1310 Annie Hill Annie's Model Junk
Photos of model junk
link Page: 62
1315 JRA Junk Rigged Boat in the River Liffey
YouTube video - A lone Junk Rigged boat sails in company with some old gaffers and many other boats in Dublin City
link
1317 JRA Junk Rig boats in West of France
YouTube video - Descriptions and images of junk rigged boats in the western regions of France, including images of Lakatao, Grand Pha, Ming Ming, Circé, Yellow Rock, Pa Yeng, Tourne Lune, Paradox, Chi
link
1322 Kevin Cardiff YouTube and the Junk Rig
YouTube channels for junk rig enthusiasts
link Page: 15
1338 Raphael DeGennaro Chesapeake Junket
Junket Report including SV Terrapin, Turtle, Kokachin, Wave Rover & Lyons family; Pete Hill, Linday Crew Gee, Alan Mulholland, Warren Stringer, Steve Tomlin
link Page: 3
512 Brian Kerslake Wherefore art thou, Junkies?
link Magazine Issue 58 January 2012 Page: 10
516 Arne Kverneland Peaking up the Junk Sail
link Magazine Issue 58 January 2012 Page: 24
525 Brian Kerslake Keeping Junks in the Family
link Magazine Issue 59 April 2012 Page: 13
526 David Tyler A Junk Rig Presentation
link Magazine Issue 59 April 2012 Page: 16
535 David Harding The Split Junk - PBO article reprint
link Magazine Issue 59 April 2012 Page: 38
536 Editor Junk Brains
link Magazine Issue 59 April 2012 Page: 34
547 Editor Junk Brains
link Magazine Issue 60 October 2012 Page: 32
549 Paul Fay Making a Cambered Panel Junk Sail Work
link Magazine Issue 60 October 2012 Page: 34
552 Jonathan Snodgrass Junk rig sailing: Initial Familiarisation
link Magazine Issue 60 October 2012 Page: 55
554 Penny Mansfield Junketing Across Biscay
link Magazine Issue 61 February 2013 Page: 9
555 Kurt Jon Ulmer The Merits of Flat-Cut Junk Rig Sails
link Magazine Issue 61 February 2013 Page: 12
556 Shirley Carter Back to the Basic Junk Sail
link Magazine Issue 61 February 2013 Page: 20
559 Kathy Thomas Junk in the Yard
link Magazine Issue 61 February 2013 Page: 28
562 Nils Myklebust 10 Years of Junk Rig Experimenting
link Magazine Issue 61 February 2013 Page: 39
563 Paul McKay The AeroJunk
link Magazine Issue 61 February 2013 Page: 42
564 Various Comparing Junk Rigs
link Magazine Issue 61 February 2013 Page: 44
565 Graham Cox Junk Rig Pros and Cons
link Magazine Issue 61 February 2013 Page: 46
566 Kurt Jon Ulmer Electric Junk Cruising
link Magazine Issue 61 February 2013 Page: 52
568 Graham Cox Junk Brains
link Magazine Issue 61 February 2013 Page: 56
570 Annie Hill Waiheke Junket
link Magazine Issue 62 June 2013 Page: 7
571 Charles Birch Junk Rigging a Mirror Dinghy
link Magazine Issue 62 June 2013 Page: 9
579 Daniel Collins Converting Aletheia to Junk Rig
link Magazine Issue 62 June 2013 Page: 31
580 Paul McKay Miranda - Aerojunk
link Magazine Issue 62 June 2013 Page: 38
583 Lesley & Rene Verbrugge Hunting Junks - Update
link Magazine Issue 62 June 2013 Page: 46
585 Robert Biegler Junk Brains
link Magazine Issue 62 June 2013 Page: 52
398 David Tyler & Dan Collins Junk Food
link Magazine Issue 63 October 2013 Page: 13
410 Paul McKay Miranda Aerojunk
link Magazine Issue 63 October 2013 Page: 47
412 Dan Collins Aletheia & the Rolling Junket
link Magazine Issue 63 October 2013 Page: 53
414 Gerry O'Brien Junk Brains
link Magazine Issue 63 October 2013 Page: 56
421 Michael Rogers Half Pint Junkery
link Magazine Issue 64 February 2014 Page: 16
424 Graham Cox The Junkman Smiles (again)...
link Magazine Issue 64 February 2014 Page: 30
428 Paul McKay Miranda, Aerojunk - part 3
link Magazine Issue 64 February 2014 Page: 48
434 Alan Martienssen My First Junket
link Magazine Issue 65 June 2014 Page: 14
436 Dave Zeiger Crab Claw + Split Junk Rig = ???
link Magazine Issue 65 June 2014 Page: 20
440 Paul McKay Aerojunk Update
link Magazine Issue 65 June 2014 Page: 32
443 Annie Hill 50 Advantages of Junk Rig
link Magazine Issue 65 June 2014 Page: 41
447 David Webb Junk Brains
link Magazine Issue 65 June 2014 Page: 55
454 Paul McKay The AeroJunk Matures
link Magazine Issue 66 October 2014 Page: 22
465 Jeff Middleton Junk Brains
link Magazine Issue 66 October 2014 Page: 63
469 Paul McKay Wishbone Junk
link Magazine Issue 67 February 2015 Page: 17
480 Ash Woods Junk Brains
link Magazine Issue 67 February 2015 Page: 49
482 Annie Hill Tall Ships Junket, NZ
link Magazine Issue 67 February 2015 Page: 56
491 Jeff Middleton Jeff's Journey into Junk
link Magazine Issue 68 June 2015 Page: 23
492 Annie Hill & David Webb NZ Easter Junket 2015
link Magazine Issue 68 June 2015 Page: 24
497 Roy Denton AGM Junket
link Magazine Issue 68 June 2015 Page: 41
377 Paul Fay Junk Sail Covers
link Magazine Issue 69 October 2015 Page: 17
385 Jeff Middleton Jeff's Journey into Junk
link Magazine Issue 69 October 2015 Page: 38
388 Chris Gallienne Origins of the Junk Rig
link Magazine Issue 69 October 2015 Page: 44
393 Chris Gallienne Could Chinese Junks Sail to Windward
link Magazine Issue 69 October 2015 Page: 61
359 Jeff Middleton Jeff's Journey into Junk
link Magazine Issue 70 February 2016 Page: 15
349 Bruce Weller Junk Rig Glossary Story
link Magazine Issue 71 June 2016 Page: 32
330 Rudyard Kipling Junk and Dhow
link Magazine Issue 72 October 2016 Page: 13
335 Arne Kverneland Junk Rig for Ingeborg
link Magazine Issue 72 October 2016 Page: 34
339 Various NZ Winter Junket
link Magazine Issue 72 October 2016 Page: 49
319 Sebastian Hentschel Gaffelrigg and Junks in the Baltics
link Magazine Issue 73 February 2017 Page: 36
296 Graeme Kenyon Impressions of a First Time Junkie
link Magazine Issue 74 June 2017 Page: 18
308 David Webb Junk Rig AGM Junket
link Magazine Issue 74 June 2017 Page: 52
292 Roger Scott New Zealand Winter Junket
link Magazine Issue 75 October 2017 Page: 59
274 David Hall Quetzal's Conversion to Junk Rig
link Magazine Issue 76 February 2018 Page: 55
249 Paul McKay AeroJunk Folio
link Magazine Issue 77 June 2018 Page: 4
250 Pete Hill Oryx's Aero Junk
link Magazine Issue 77 June 2018 Page: 9
255 Glen Maxwell Hedwig's Junk Rig Conversion
link Magazine Issue 77 June 2018 Page: 31
244 Shemaya Laurel New England Junket
link Magazine Issue 78 October 2018 Page: 54
245 Luke Tanner More New England Junket
link Magazine Issue 78 October 2018 Page: 58
215 Roger Scott Split Junk Laser
link Magazine Issue 79 February 2019 Page: 23
216 Chris Shelton Junk Mirror - Planet Express
link Magazine Issue 79 February 2019 Page: 24
218 David Doran Split Junk Wayfarer
link Magazine Issue 79 February 2019 Page: 26
204 Ken Preston Junks of Viet Nam
link Magazine Issue 80 June 2019 Page: 19
188 Annie Hill New Zealand Winter Junket
link Magazine Issue 81 October 2019 Page: 17
190 Graeme Kenyon Split Junk Rig for Serendipity
link Magazine Issue 81 October 2019 Page: 31
194 Shemaya Laurel New England Junket 2019
link Magazine Issue 81 October 2019 Page: 59
141 Paul McKay Hybrid Junk
link Magazine Issue 84 October 2020 Page: 9
616 Sidney Boss Test sail of a junk rigged "Sunbird Sabre 27"
link Newsletter Issue 1 May 1980
668 Junk rig on the SADLER 26 and 29 by Sunbirds.
link Newsletter Issue 10 December 1984
669 Junk rig on an Inflatable Tender.
link Newsletter Issue 10 December 1984
670 E.B. Fielding ROBERTS 41' Junk rigged
link Newsletter Issue 10 December 1984
671 Brian Clifford "The Voyage of the Golden Lotus", 36' junk, extracts from the book
link Newsletter Issue 10 December 1984
672 The Crooked Bow Junk.
link Newsletter Issue 10 December 1984
673 List of 46 boats with Sunbird Junk Rigs
link Newsletter Issue 10 December 1984
674 Junk rig on a WHARRAM TANE Catamaran
link Newsletter Issue 11 May 1985
676 Bob Burns EBBTIDE 36 junk rigged maiden voyage
link Newsletter Issue 11 May 1985
678 Self steering gear on Junk rigged boats.
link Newsletter Issue 11 May 1985
680 Henry Pigott Junk rig on a 19'6" COLVIC WATSON circumnavigated
link Newsletter Issue 11 May 1985
681 Aubrey Hinchcliffe Cruising the Med. in a junk rigged CHALLENGER 35
link Newsletter Issue 12 December 1985
682 EBBTIDE 36, junk rig, sea trials.
link Newsletter Issue 12 December 1985
684 TAVOY IV 43'junk world cruiser.
link Newsletter Issue 12 December 1985
685 WATER BEAR 31' junk rigged 'ultra light displacement boat' designed and built in Cornwall.
link Newsletter Issue 12 December 1985
687 NORTH ATLANTIC 29 Junk, Angus Primrose design.
link Newsletter Issue 13 May 1986
688 W. Harburn "Malaysian Junks" by W. Harburn who with his family sailed theirs from Malaya to the UK
link Newsletter Issue 13 May 1986
693 Junk rig on a WEST WIGHT POTTER.
link Newsletter Issue 14 November 1986
694 Bibliography of junk related publications.
link Newsletter Issue 14 November 1986
695 Junk and Bermudan rigs on Newbridge Boats, a comparative report.
link Newsletter Issue 14 November 1986
704 Questions and Answers on junk rig sailing.
link Newsletter Issue 15 May 1987
705 Improving the case of handling the junk rig by Sunbird Yachts.
link Newsletter Issue 15 May 1987
711 The voyage of TAI KI 64' junk, and appreciation of her construction.
link Newsletter Issue 15 May 1987
717 Ralph Hill A Cruising Rig, Square, Dhow, fore & aft, and Junk Rigs discussed and details of his Junkette rig on a KINGFISHER 26
link Newsletter Issue 16 November 1987
719 Book review of "Practical Junk Rig"
link Newsletter Issue 17 May 1988
722 Ralph Hill The Junkette Rig in more detail
link Newsletter Issue 17 May 1988
725 Paul McKay ECLIPSE 22 is fitted with a junk rig using wishbone battens
link Newsletter Issue 17 May 1988
729 ECLIPSE 22 FEVER Junk rig with wishbone battens - report of sailing trails.
link Newsletter Issue 18 November 1988
732 Mike & Helga Pratt Changing ABRAXIS a 35' steel yacht to junk rig
link Newsletter Issue 18 November 1988
736 Junk rig Luff Controls - some recent variations.
link Newsletter Issue 19 May 1989
737 Annie & Pete Hill WESTCOASTER 20 MISSEE LEE converts to junk and cruises the West Country and crosses the Channel
link Newsletter Issue 19 May 1989
742 FORTUNATE CLOUD - based on a FOOCHOW POLE JUNK being built in Bristol.
link Newsletter Issue 19 May 1989
744 Book Review "All in the Same Boat" a 29' steel junk rigged boat called LORCHA circumnavigating
link Newsletter Issue 19 May 1989
749 Increasing the windward performance of the junk rig by Gp. Capt. "Bunny" Smith, a talk given at the Spring 1989 Rally
link Newsletter Issue 20 December 1989
751 SABRA'S (SUNBIRD 32 junk schooner) 10' Anniversary.
link Newsletter Issue 20 December 1989
756 Junk rig on a TINKER TRAVELLER 11' Inflatable.
link Newsletter Issue 21 Summer 1990
758 Junk Schooner Rig on a LONE GULL 28'.
link Newsletter Issue 21 Summer 1990
759 Victor Wintcrthun Research into Windward performance of the Junk Rig
link Newsletter Issue 21 Summer 1990
760 David Tyler Improved sheeting of the Junk sail
link Newsletter Issue 21 Summer 1990
762 Wilf Turnbull Modifications to the sheeting of a COROMANDEL peaked junk rig
link Newsletter Issue 21 Summer 1990
764 Exploration and development of the Chinese Junk in the 15th Century
link Newsletter Issue 21 Summer 1990
765 Specification and description of a schooner junk rigged CLAYMORE 30' GRP Motor Sailer (illustrated).
link Newsletter Issue 22 December 1990
767 ANDREW DORIA, a COLVIN DOXY 38 steel junk rigged schooner.
link Newsletter Issue 22 December 1990
768 Rolex Award winner for Enterprise undefined Dr. Wayne Moran and the 75' Foochow Pole Junk COCACHIN.
link Newsletter Issue 22 December 1990
769 Richard Harmer-Brown Building a steel TEALE 60' ketch rigged Junk in Yorkshire
link Newsletter Issue 22 December 1990
770 Vincent Reddish Researching, Designing and Installing a traditionally based junk rig in a VERTUE 26 (illustrated)
link Newsletter Issue 22 December 1990
771 Pete & Annie Hill Cruising the Brittany Canals in a 20' junk rigged WESTCOASTER (illustrated)
link Newsletter Issue 22 December 1990
773 Bruce Petterson GINGER, COLVIN steel 29' junk sloop - plans, design, specifications. fitting out. sailing, (well illustrated)
link Newsletter Issue 22 December 1990
776 HUI-MAR in the Mediterranean, a junk rigged ATLANTA 29.
link Newsletter Issue 23 Summer 1991
777 More of COCACHIN, a 75' replica of a Foochow Pole Junk. China - Land of the Sailing junk.
link Newsletter Issue 23 Summer 1991
778 Super junks - recent rig developments and their interpretation.
link Newsletter Issue 23 Summer 1991
779 Research and development of the junk rig on a SADLER 26 plus racing results.
link Newsletter Issue 23 Summer 1991
780 Crossing the Atlantic (West to East) in a SUNBIRD 32 junk schooner.
link Newsletter Issue 24 Winter 1991
781 39' Ferro junk schooner from Australia.
link Newsletter Issue 24 Winter 1991
782 NORTH ATLANTIC 29 junk rig modifications.
link Newsletter Issue 24 Winter 1991
783 Cruising in a junk rigged LIBERTY 23 trailer sailer.
link Newsletter Issue 24 Winter 1991
784 ALBIN VIGGEN 23: I) Conversion to Junk Rig.
link Newsletter Issue 24 Winter 1991
785 2) Fitting hinged battens and the results for the junk rig including construction details.
link Newsletter Issue 24 Winter 1991
786 Paul McKay Junk Rig modifications and experiments on an ECLIPSE 22 trailer sailer
link Newsletter Issue 24 Winter 1991
787 Bunny smith pursues the quilting effect on his SADLER 26 advanced junk rig.
link Newsletter Issue 24 Winter 1991
788 Model Chinese junk fishing boats from Hong Kong and some kits from UK model shops.
link Newsletter Issue 24 Winter 1991
793 Junk rigs on Catamarans, photo / comments from designers / builders.
link Newsletter Issue 25 Summer 1992
794 Bunny Smith reports on the strong wind performance of FENIX with her advanced junk rig.
link Newsletter Issue 25 Summer 1992
799 Sunbird Marine's Brokerage List of Junk rig Boats.
link Newsletter Issue 25 Summer 1992
800 WYLO II Junk ketch on a steel hull launched in New Zealand and details of the hinged battens.
link Newsletter Issue 26 Winter 1992
801 Arne Kverneland reports on his junk rigged ALBIN VIGGEN 23, developments of hinged battens and a low aspect junk sail.
link Newsletter Issue 26 Winter 1992
802 Report on a visit to Hong Kong to junk rig a RIVAL 41.
link Newsletter Issue 26 Winter 1992
804 UPIK, a CHALLENGER 35 junk schooner cruise from the Canary Islands to Cape Town, including the loss of the foremast.
link Newsletter Issue 26 Winter 1992
805 SABRA, a SUNBIRD 32 junk schooner sails with the trans Atlantic "Columbus Voyage Fleet" and also loses a foremast
link Newsletter Issue 26 Winter 1992
806 BARE BONES a 30' yacht by Angus Primrose with a junk rig for taking part competitively in the Single Handed Trans Atlantic Race
link Newsletter Issue 26 Winter 1992
811 TIN HAU - 3-masted 40' LWL stccl Junk undefined Performance Chart.
link Newsletter Issue 27 Summer 1993
815 The conversion of a VERTUE 26 to a "Fenix Junk Rig"
link Newsletter Issue 27 Summer 1993
817 Shake down cruise in a 28' junk rigged SEA ROVER.
link Newsletter Issue 27 Summer 1993
820 LOCKEN DORY 31' Ketch junk in Oman.
link Newsletter Issue 28 Winter 1993
821 R & D at Exeter University into the Junk Rig "How and Why?"
link Newsletter Issue 28 Winter 1993
827 Report from our man in China and Ferro Fishing Junks.
link Newsletter Issue 28 Winter 1993
831 Robin Blain gives a guide to the development of the junk rig 1945 - 95
link Newsletter Issue 29 Summer 1994
835 My First Junk Rig' by Victor in Norway.
link Newsletter Issue 29 Summer 1994
621 Members comment on reefing the Junk Sail.
link Newsletter Issue 3 April 1981
622 Kim Ockenden Junk rigging a HERRESHOFF 28.
link Newsletter Issue 3 April 1981
623 Annie Hill Junk rigging BADGER, a BENFORD 34
link Newsletter Issue 3 April 1981
624 John Campbell Junks in the Virgin Islands
link Newsletter Issue 3 April 1981
625 Eric Lerouge AEGIR - Two masted Junk
link Newsletter Issue 3 April 1981
626 David Tyler A Development of the Junk Rig on a Sadler 25
link Newsletter Issue 3 April 1981
838 Development of instruments to measure junk rigged boat's performance.
link Newsletter Issue 30 Summer 1995
839 Building and sailing of cambered panel junk sail.
link Newsletter Issue 30 Summer 1995
840 The San Francisco PELICAN 12', 16', 18' junk rigged.
link Newsletter Issue 30 Summer 1995
841 Radio controlled model junk sailing surprises the Aerorigged competitors.
link Newsletter Issue 30 Summer 1995
842 Brian Young's 38' steel MARIE he built, sails at last and the junk rig does a good job.
link Newsletter Issue 30 Summer 1995
844 John Hatch looks at the development of the junk rig and the wind in which it sailed.
link Newsletter Issue 30 Summer 1995
851 Ken Newman Junk Sail Theory
link Newsletter Issue 31 April 1996
857 Joddy Chapman Research at Exeter University into the Junk Rig by Joddy Chapman.
link Newsletter Issue 32 October 1996
860 Lloyd & Judy Halverson BATWING a 34' Junk schooner
link Newsletter Issue 32 October 1996
863 Tim & Marilyn Smith Our Junk Schooner rigged 35' SHARPIE
link Newsletter Issue 32 October 1996
867 Peter & Marie-Pierre Pontefract First Time Junkies in their steel ROBERTS 36
link Newsletter Issue 33 April 1997
870 Bunny Smith NYMPH the Junk Rigged Trimaran
link Newsletter Issue 33 April 1997
877 Tom Colvins' Letters, from a man of many years experience designing & building junk rigged boats.
link Newsletter Issue 34 April 1999
878 Mike Briant Mike Briant undefined student of junks and his 50' ferro CHIN LIN.
link Newsletter Issue 34 April 1999
882 Articulating Battens on Junk Rig of NYMPH.
link Newsletter Issue 35 October 1999
885 Book Review - "Cutting the Dragons Tail" by David & Lynda Chidell. Building a COLVIN 50' steel 3 masted junk and sailing away
link Newsletter Issue 35 October 1999
886 Building of an Epoxy-Ply SHARPIE junk schooner in the Netherlands.
link Newsletter Issue 35 October 1999
888 Converting a 32' 10 ton double ender GREYA to junk rig in Antigua.
link Newsletter Issue 35 October 1999
890 Allen & Sharie Farrell Book Review - "Salt on the Wind" by Dan Rubin about CHINA CLOUD 42' junk schooner built
link Newsletter Issue 35 October 1999
894 Fitting an integral sail cover to a junk rig.
link Newsletter Issue 36 February 2000
901 Pete & Annie Hill Pete & Annie Hill's new junk rigged catamaran CHINA MOON.
link Newsletter Issue 36 February 2000
902 Junk rigging a TUCKER ESCAPADE with a Reddish Rig.
link Newsletter Issue 36 February 2000
906 New Junk rig boat design from the Netherlands.
link Newsletter Issue 37 November 2000
912 Achieving good windward performance with junk rig.
link Newsletter Issue 37 November 2000
914 Putting Camber into a junk sail.
link Newsletter Issue 37 November 2000
916 Restoring original timber junks.
link Newsletter Issue 38 July 2001
918 David Tyler David Tyler's 34' Epoxy-Ply special single junk sail cruiser TYSTIE, pictures & plans.
link Newsletter Issue 38 July 2001
920 Article on converting a MACGREGOR 26 trailer sailer to junk and sailing report.
link Newsletter Issue 38 July 2001
929 The Hong Kong Adventure Ship, a 3-masted Sail Training Junk.
link Newsletter Issue 39 March 2002
931 The voyages of Chempaka & High Tea, a 3-masted junk in the 50's & 60's with valuable comments on junk rig sailing reproduced.
link Newsletter Issue 39 March 2002
932 The concluding report by Joddy Chapman on the research into the junk rig that rewarded him with a PhD.
link Newsletter Issue 39 March 2002
627 James Ward Junk Rig on a WATERWITCH
link Newsletter Issue 4 January 1982
629 WA King-Webster Junk Rig on a SEA ROVER
link Newsletter Issue 4 January 1982
630 Admiral Fisher Junk Rigging a KINGFISHER 30 by Admiral Fisher. Stayed masts versus Unstayed masts.
link Newsletter Issue 4 January 1982
934 Junk Rig on a Canoe.
link Newsletter Issue 40 March 2003
938 Sea Trial of CHINA MOON, Pete Hill's junk rigged 37' Catamaran.
link Newsletter Issue 40 March 2003
939 Prof. Vincent Reddish. The Junk Sail, Batten, Bends, Flatness, Fullness, Twist and Camber
link Newsletter Issue 40 March 2003
944 A survey of Chinese Junks (in a trimaran) in China 1985.
link Newsletter Issue 41 August 2003
947 Junk rigging a POTTER 15.
link Newsletter Issue 41 August 2003
952 Stiffness in junk sails.
link Newsletter Issue 41 August 2003
953 Junk Rig with Wishbone Battens.
link Newsletter Issue 42 January 2004
956 Snow Shoe Batten Junk Rig.
link Newsletter Issue 42 January 2004
959 Cambered panels and junk rigging an ALO 28.
link Newsletter Issue 42 January 2004
960 The Junk Rig E-Group.
link Newsletter Issue 42 January 2004
961 Designing and building a junk rig for a SYLPHE 6.54m.
link Newsletter Issue 42 January 2004
962 SAMSON C-BIRD 38 - Installing & Sailing a junk rig. Building a classic Malay Junk Schooner.
link Newsletter Issue 42 January 2004
964 Restoration of the 30' Junk SUN FUNG.
link Newsletter Issue 43 August 2004
966 Building a junk rig for a 36' steel schooner.
link Newsletter Issue 43 August 2004
972 Building a junk rigged SELWAY FISHER 25'.
link Newsletter Issue 43 August 2004
973 28' Junk Rig SPRAY in S.E. Asia.
link Newsletter Issue 43 August 2004
976 Internet discussions on the junk rig.
link Newsletter Issue 44 January 2005
978 The river inspectors guide to Junks from the Yangtze to the Gulf of Tonkin.
link Newsletter Issue 44 January 2005
980 Junk rig conversion of a LEISURE 17.
link Newsletter Issue 44 January 2005
982 Jim Melcher. ALERT'S conversion to junk
link Newsletter Issue 44 January 2005
986 Building a 38' SHARPIE junk schooner.
link Newsletter Issue 45 August 2005
987 2002 - the Chinese build a 102' traditional sailing junk.
link Newsletter Issue 45 August 2005
988 Building a FAY 40' junk schooner.
link Newsletter Issue 45 August 2005
989 Fitting a junk rig for free in Sweden. Summer and East Coast Rally reports and pictures.
link Newsletter Issue 45 August 2005
990 Building a modified Steel SPRAY 12m junk ketch.
link Newsletter Issue 45 August 2005
1001 The tour of PRECIOUS DRAGON - Chinese 3 masted Junk.
link Newsletter Issue 46 January 2006
1005 Building a junk schooner rig for a 40' Van de Stadt in S. Africa for 6700=.
link Newsletter Issue 47 August 2006
1014 Converting PREVEDA, a Gouwzec 33' stccl Dutch yacht to junk rig in Switzerland with a single mast in a tabernacle, hoisted by husband and wife crew.
link Newsletter Issue 47 August 2006
1016 Azores to Gibraltar in a 45' junk schooner without a rudder.
link Newsletter Issue 48 January 2007
1018 A Scottish Skiff built in Germany with a Norwegian junk rig.
link Newsletter Issue 48 January 2007
1020 Review of Derek Van Loan's third edition of "Design and build your own junk"
link Newsletter Issue 48 January 2007
1021 Building and sailing a junk rigged double end Grey Seal 25'6" Ian Oughtred design in riveted clinker timber by a 75 year old
link Newsletter Issue 48 January 2007
1023 Timber mast scantlings for a Norwegian junk rig.
link Newsletter Issue 48 January 2007
1024 The BRUNK, junk dinghy from Australia, building, rigging and sailing and
link Newsletter Issue 48 January 2007
1033 Renovating a ferro 39' Samson C Bird and converting to junk schooner for world
link Newsletter Issue 49 August 2007
1035 Junk rigging a Hilliard 6 Tonner
link Newsletter Issue 49 August 2007
632 Junk Rig on a 33' Tom Colvin SHARPIE.
link Newsletter Issue 5 June 1982
633 Ken Newman Junk Rigging a SPHARAN 30
link Newsletter Issue 5 June 1982
634 Rod Lloyd Sailing a Junk Rigged TAHITIANA 32'
link Newsletter Issue 5 June 1982
635 Brian Platt The Chinese Junk, history, Construction, Use and Advantages by Brian Platt.
link Newsletter Issue 5 June 1982
636 Wendy & Michael Willet Handling and Sailing the Junk Rig
link Newsletter Issue 5 June 1982
1039 Lex Hodgkinson The Norwegian yachts and their cambered sail panels. Experiences of my hinged battens on my Wylo II junk Schooner rig
link Newsletter Issue 50 January 2008
1041 Slieve McGalliard POPPY, a Westerly Longbow 30 with home made split junk sail designed and made by Slieve McGalliard
link Newsletter Issue 50 January 2008
1043 Gez & Sue Richards A holiday cruise in a Varne 27 fitted out with junk rig
link Newsletter Issue 50 January 2008
1048 Sunbird 32 GUNG HO with junk schooner rig gives her new owners a first summer cruise
link Newsletter Issue 50 January 2008
1049 Jerry Walker The Jung Jung Junk, design and planning of thc build
link Newsletter Issue 50 January 2008
1054 Round the Island Race in junk rigged boat.
link Newsletter Issue 51 August 2008
1063 Brest 2008 and Douarnenez Junk Flotilla Report
link Newsletter Issue 52 December 2008
1065 Junk rig conversion of a MacWester 27 in Gran Canaria.
link Newsletter Issue 52 December 2008
1068 Chris Scanes Chris Scanes on camber in junk rig sail panels.
Describes development of cambered panel thinking and advantages of lens type, specific example being for a Kingfisher 26
link
1077 Junk rig on an 18' Oslo dinghy Broremann,as a test bed.
link Newsletter Issue 53 August 2009
1078 Square junk sails under test and discussion
link Newsletter Issue 53 August 2009
1085 Junk rig on an Eclipse 22 with cambered battens.
link Newsletter Issue 53 August 2009
607 Bob Groves Sailing a Junk Rig schooner
link Newsletter Issue 54 January 2010
611 Ralph Hill Sailing the Junkette
link Newsletter Issue 54 January 2010
612 J Walker & M Kinloch A Better Kind of Junk? -
link Newsletter Issue 54 January 2010
1091 Bob Groves Sailing a Junk Rig schooner
link Newsletter Issue 54 January 2010
1095 Ralph Hill Sailing the Junkette
link Newsletter Issue 54 January 2010
1096 J Walker & M Kinloch A Better Kind of Junk?
link Newsletter Issue 54 January 2010
590 Phil Corridan Junking Alleda
link Newsletter Issue 56 April 2011
592 Arne Kverneland The Cambered Junk Sail
link Newsletter Issue 56 April 2011
641 Michael & Wendy Willett Sailing our junk rigged SSURI (29'6") from the Cook Islands to Samoa
link Newsletter Issue 6 December 1982
644 Successfully building and sailing junk rig on a 22' FALMOUTH OYSTER
link Newsletter Issue 6 December 1982
646 "Where to Find" junk rig designers, suppliers, information, chartering, tuition
link Newsletter Issue 6 December 1982
648 Dr. Harry Morton "Junks of China & Japan" - their hull and rig construction and use - long extract from book
link Newsletter Issue 7 June 1983
650 Nick Skeates. WYLO II 32' steel Junk Rigged Ketch sailplan and design details from
link Newsletter Issue 7 June 1983
651 SHUFFLE, 7m steel Junk sloop from Huntward Boat Co., Isle of Wight.
link Newsletter Issue 7 June 1983
653 MANDARIN, Howard Marshall's 7'I~ ton Junk rigged and ruddered yacht.
link Newsletter Issue 8 December 1983
654 Bob Burns Building and fitting a junk to an EBBTIDE 36' (later circumnavigated)
link Newsletter Issue 8 December 1983
655 "The Venerable Chinese Junk", an article describing various uses of junks and their various designs relative to their function as trading ships
link Newsletter Issue 8 December 1983
656 Eric Lerouge, his junk rig designs.
link Newsletter Issue 8 December 1983
657 John & Lana Campbell 5000 miles by Junk with John and Lana Campbell in their TYLER 35 PAPILIO RUGA.
link Newsletter Issue 8 December 1983
658 Sailplan & details of 44' steel Junk Schooner.
link Newsletter Issue 8 December 1983
660 Sailing a 33' junk rigged SHARPIE to the Bahamas via the inland waterways from Ottawa to Florida.
link Newsletter Issue 9 May 1984
662 Eric Lerouge and his Junk Rig design philosophy.
link Newsletter Issue 9 May 1984
665 Norman Benedict discusses his developments of the Junk Rig on his 26' THUNDERBIRD sloop.
link Newsletter Issue 9 May 1984
666 Book Review of "Sails", by J. Howard Williams, a new chapter on Junk and Allied Rigs
link Newsletter Issue 9 May 1984
5 Arne Kverneland The Cambered Panel Junk Rig
Creating and using cambered panels
link
7 Arne Kverneland The Boat - ch2 of The Cambered Panel Junk Rig
Finding suitable boats for JR
link
8 Arne Kverneland Choosing a sailplan - ch3 of The Cambered Panel Junk Rig
Sail plan choices for cambered panel rigs
link
9 Arne Kverneland Drawing a detailed sail plan - ch4 of The Cambered Panel Junk Rig
link
11 Arne Kverneland The (wooden) mast - ch 6 of The Cambered Panel Junk Rig
link
12 Arne Kverneland The hybrid mast - ch6b of the Cambered Panel Junk Rig
link
13 Arne Kverneland Rigging the Sail - ch7 of the Cambered Panel Junk Rig
link
18 HG Hasler Kingfisher Original Sailing Instructions
How to sail a junk rig, specifically a Hasler Kingfisher yacht
link
22 JRA Sailplans - early days of the westernised junk rig
A glossary of older westernised JR sailplans with diagrams
link
23 Joddy Chapman Sail Shape and Sailing Performance Measurement - the Chinese Lug Sail - PHD Thesis
A Thesis to establish the merits of features peculiar to the Chinese fully battened lug or junk sail using wind tunnels and measurement equipment
link
29 Paul Fay Making a cambered panel Junk Sail Work
Notes on how to make cambered panels work for long distance cruising boats
link
31 JRA Sailing Performance Trials
A set of notes documenting trials aimed to measure performance of Junk Rig set ups.
link
34 Annie Hill Fifty Advantages of the Junk RIg
Explainig JR advantages over other rigs
link
40 Arne Kverneland "The Cambered Panel Junk Rig (""The book"") - Chapter 2 - The Boat"
link
41 Arne Kverneland "The Cambered Panel Junk Rig (""The book"") - Chapter 3 - Choosing a Sailplan"
link
42 Arne Kverneland "The Cambered Panel Junk Rig (""The book"") - Chapter 4 - Drawing a Detailed Sail"
link
43 Arne Kverneland "The Cambered Panel Junk Rig (""The book"") - Chapter 5 - Making the Sail"
link
44 Arne Kverneland "The Cambered Panel Junk Rig (""The book"") - Chapter 6 - The Wooden Mast"
link
45 Arne Kverneland "The Cambered Panel Junk Rig (""The book"") - Chapter 6b - The Hybrid Mast"
link
46 Arne Kverneland "The Cambered Panel Junk Rig (""The book"") - Chapter 7 - Rigging the Sail"
link
69 Slieve McGalliard Some thoughts - Slieve McGalliard.pdf
Junk Rig performance
link
73 Slieve McGalliard C and SJ P1-22 12-03-17c
Thoughts on Cambered Panels and the Split Junk Rig
link
74 Slieve McGalliard C and SJ P28-29 12-03-17c
Thoughts on Cambered Panels and the Split Junk Rig
link
75 Slieve McGalliard C and SJ Chapter 11 Rigging 12-06-3a
Thoughts on Cambered Panels and the Split Junk Rig
link
76 Slieve McGalliard C and SJ P35-51 12-03-17c
Thoughts on Cambered Panels and the Split Junk Rig
link
77 Slieve McGalliard C and SJ P56-66 12-03-17c
Thoughts on Cambered Panels and the Split Junk Rig
link
78 Slieve McGalliard C and SJ Appendix 3 12-05-12a
Thoughts on Cambered Panels and the Split Junk Rig
link
79 Slieve McGalliard Universal Round and Broadseam Calculator
Thoughts on Cambered Panels and the Split Junk Rig
link
80 Slieve McGalliard C and SJ Chapter 11 Mod 12-12-17
Thoughts on Cambered Panels and the Split Junk Rig
link
81 Slieve McGalliard Copy of article from AYRS Catalyst no. 37
Thoughts on Cambered Panels and the Split Junk Rig
link
82 Slieve McGalliard AYRS Catalyst 37
Thoughts on Cambered Panels and the Split Junk Rig
link
86 Kurt John Ulmer Merits of Flat-Cut Junk Rig Sails
link
88 JRA JRA-Fitting the unstayed mast rig to your boat
Junk Knowledge Archive
link
91 JRA JRA-Fact Sheet 2
Parts suppliers for Junk Rigs:
link
93 JRA JRA-Fact Sheet 4
Publications, Books ref. Junk Rig:
link
94 JRA JRA-Fact Sheet 5 - OLD
Boat Designs using Junk Rig:
link
98 JRA JRA Junk Rig Design List - Newer but well OOD
link
99 JRA The Junk Rig Glossary
link
100 JRA About the Junk RIg - Animation
JR Animation
link
101 JRA Photos - Junks Old & New
link
1104 Ted Stone Fly (Junk Rig Schooner)
link Magazine Issue 88 March 2022 Page: 27
1110 Chris Gamble Francis H
split junk rig sloop
link Magazine Issue 88 March 2022 Page: 42
1111 Annie Hill Not the Tall Ships
Regatta Junket Report from Russell New Zealand
link Magazine Issue 88 March 2022 Page: 43
1115 Graeme Kenyon Crossing the Language Barrier
Chinese language and Junk Rig boats
link Magazine Issue 87 October 2021 Page: 3
1119 David Omick Minimus II Sea Trials
Junk Rig catamaran tested
link Magazine Issue 87 October 2021 Page: 26
1126 Frank Hossack A Replica of Zheng He's Flagship
building of a historical junk replica
link Magazine Issue 87 October 2021 Page: 54
1128 Graeme Kenyon The Junk that Challenged the Yachts
book review of the story of the Free China
link Magazine Issue 87 October 2021
1130 Jeff Middleton My Day on Amiina
sailing report of a split junk rig sloop
link Magazine Issue 86 June 2021 Page: 5
1131 Graeme Kenyon Crossing the Language Barrier
Chinese language and Junk Rig boats
link Magazine Issue 86 June 2021 Page: 7
1132 Graham Cox A Conversation with Tony Brown
a life with Junk Rig Boats Miss Molly and Tapatya
link Magazine Issue 86 June 2021 Page: 12
1133 Annie Hill FanShi: A New Floating Home
concept, design and building of a Junk Rigged home
link Magazine Issue 86 June 2021 Page: 27
1138 David Omick Minimus II
a junk rig catamaran
link Magazine Issue 86 June 2021 Page: 50
1188 David Omick Junk Rig Masts
Making them asked for a four masted catamaran
link Page: 33
1203 Brixham Heritage Regatta 2022
A report of the junket and regatta in Brixham
link Page: 47
1211 Lynda Chidell Kokachin is launched
Description of this DeForestier designed junk, owners Pete Hill and Linda Crew-Gee and its recent launch
link Page: 51
1217 Jan Wolstenholme The Boat Shed
Junk rig boat building and recent launchings
link Page: 56
1235 Jan Wolstenholme From Gunter to Junk
Converting a Westerly 22
link Page: 39
1238 Annie Hill A Winter Junket
link Page: 45
1250 JRA Building Tapatya - Interview with Tony Brown
YouTube interview with the self builder of a 34’ junk rig benford dory - the challenges of building
link
1254 JRA Buying a Junk Rig Boat and Sailing it to France - Interview with Patrick Leblanc
YouTube video interview about the journey of 36’ schooner China Blue from Scotland to France
link
1255 The Launch of Kokachin
YouTube video introducing the recently launched Deforestier junk Kokachin
link
1257 Graeme Kenyon Freebie sails home
A small junk rig boat sailing in New Zealand with two Thompson made sails, on the way home from a junket
link
1258 Graeme Kenyon Launch of FanShi
YouTube video of the launch of Annie Hill’s David Tyler Siblim design schooner and the junket that was held to mark the event in New Zealand
link
1263 Leszek Wolnik JRA member creates art during lockdown
YouTube video of Leszek Wolnik’s wooden junk rig tableau artwork based on his voyage to Svalbard during his enforced Covid lockdown in New Zealand
link
1264 JRA Junk rigged Kingfisher 26 on East Coast of Ireland
Sailing YouTube video of a Kingfisher 26, experimenting with use of a 360 camera
link
1269 JRA Junk Rigged Boats of SouthWest England
YouTube video featuring various boats including Fly, Mo, KRKA, Lexia,
link
1275 Graeme Kenyon The Ill Fated Voyage of the Princess Taiping
Story of a double pacific crossing by a modern replica of a traditional southeast China junk and shipwreck
link Page: 17
1276 James Michaud Muddy Pawse
A junk rigged mirror dinghy, its story and its sailing
link Page: 20
1277 Patrick Leblanc China Blue (in the Irish Sea)
Voyage from Ireland to Wales and Southwards by a 36' Junk Rigged Schooner
link Page: 22
1279 Gordon Gregg Iris
A 35' Benford designed yacht, junk rigged schooner in UK, France and the Med, ends up in Greece
link Page: 31
1280 Various participants Russell Tall Ships event 2023
A junket within a major boating festival, including mini-stories from various boats - Renate Christ/Taiko Gordon Gregg/Shoestring Roger Scott/Tystie David Webb/Gypsy Rose Annie Hill/Fanshi Alan Marti
link Page: 34
1281 Various JRA members and friends Russell Tall Ships - Photos from the Boats
Photos from the junket taking place in conjunction with a major New Zealand boating festival
link Page: 41
1282 David Omick Minimus II - Final Sea Trials
Continuation of the story of the build of a junk rigged catamaran
link Page: 43
1285 Valentin Hecq-Cauquil Gung Ho
Cruise around the Iberian Coastline in a Junk Rigged Schooner
link Page: 58
1290 Shirley Carter Speedwell in Malaysia
Continuation of the story of the build of a junk rig Vertue sailing in far flung places Kudat, Banggi, Mitford, Puerta Princesa, Balabamgan
link Page: 4
1299 JRA; Galway Bay Sailing Club Marking 50 years since Bill King's Circumnavigation
Joint press release as issued by the Junk Rig Association and the Galway Bay Sailing Club
link Page: 16
1302 Jeff Middleton Brixham - 2023
The Brixham Heritage Sailing Regatta and the Junk Rigged Participants
link Page: 47
1304 Dave Leet Nomad, a Post Pandemic Update
An update on the travels of the Junk Rigged yacht Nomad over the COVID period and after. Martinique, Suriname, Carriacou
link Page: 51
1311 JRA Kokachin's Voyages
YouTube video of the voyage from Europe to the Caribbean of this deForestier junk
link
1312 JRA; Scott Yellig Explaining the Junk Rig (2) - A 22' Sloop in Michigan
Sailing video of a small cambered rig sloop
link
1314 JRA Junk Rigged Boats in Ireland
YouTube video with footage of five boats sailing in Ireland. Nunki (Venturer), Galway Girl (Corribee), Palinurus (Westerly), Baidin Bui (Kingfisher), Yvonne (Kingfisher)
link
1318 Pete Hill Sailing Kokachin
DeForestier Junk, jonque de plaisance, built from hull up and sailing characteristics
link Page: 3
1320 Paul McKay Wishbone Rig Re-Visited
Further approaches to design and build of wishbone style junk rig
link Page: 7
1321 Shirley Carter Speedwell in the Philippines
Continued voyages in the pacific by a small junk rig boat. Malanao; Puerto Princesa; Honda Bay; Typhoon Betty
link Page: 9
1328 Graeme Kenyon Cocachin Sequel
Story of traditional junk replica built for Silk Route simulation and its less than good outcome
link Page: 36
1330 Shemaya Laurel New England Junket in Two Parts
Gathering of boats in two parts; Australis; Brenda B; Great Auk; Kokachin
link Page: 44
1334 anon Book Shelf - Lighthearted Review
Review of Deep Water Junk by Wendy Willett
link Page: 62
1337 Indigenous Boats Blogspot Boats of China and Southeast Asia
Bibliography page and download links with books on Chinese and Vietnamese junks and other craft
link
1341 Various Russell Tall Ships 2024 in Pictures
Junket Images from New Zealand provided by Peter deGraaf, Gordon Gregg, Renate Christ, Annie Hill
link Page: 24